![]() ![]() ![]() The double hyphen is a vestige of the typewriter era and is no longer standard practice (except in comics). ![]() Use em dashes (rather than commas or parentheses) when the words within the interpolation are significant and are not to be missed.ĭon’t use more than two em dashes in a single sentence. Authors and editors can use their discretion to decide where to use em dashes to set off text.Ĭonsider using parentheses rather than em dashes when giving definitions, the Latin name for something, or alternate spellings.Ĭonsider using colons when providing an in-text list or presenting several reasons for something. With a block quote, put the em dash on a new line following the quote and before the attribution, with no spacing on either side of the em dashĪs an alternative to in a blank or empty data cell in a chart or table (an unspaced ellipsis can also be used)Įm dash use is somewhat subjective. With an inline quote, insert a space between the end of the quote and the attribution To indicate when a speaker self-interrupts with a sudden break in thought To indicate when a speaker is interruptedĪt the end of a line or sentence, to indicate emotion, trailing off, or a long pause To replace the words “that is,” “namely,” “for example,” and similar expressions within a sentence To set off text, where a set of parentheses might otherwise be usedĮm dashes indicate an interpolation that is stronger than what might be in parentheses or should be emphasized and noticed To invert the function of a colon by flipping the order of a sentence that would have a colon in it and replacing the colon with an em dash Use an em dash ( not two individual hyphens, and not an en dash) in these situations: ![]()
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